Naturally, soil tends to become compact and hard over time. Aerating a lawn is the process of digging small holes in a landscape to remove cores or plugs of soil, thatch, and grass from the surface of the lawn. This loosens the compacted soil and decreases soil density, allowing passages for air and water flow which lets fertilizers reach the root of the grass and plants. The roots of the turf have more room to grow deeper, and now that they have sufficient nutrients reaching them from the fertilizers, they start to grow stronger as well.
With time, a lawn starts aging, and it is normal for the growth rate of grass to decrease. This causes thinning, and therefore the lawn density decreases. To combat this, overseeding is implemented. Overseeding it when new grass seeds are spread over the existing lawn without tearing it apart. Enriched soil is added to the lawn before spreading the seeds, and fertilizer is added after spreading to support healthy growth.
There are various benefits to this process. Aeration allows the turfgrass to gain a strong foundation as the roots grow deeper. This extends the life of the lawn while keeping it healthy. Overseeding keeps brown patches from forming on the grass and enhances the amount of grass growing on the landscape.